Tsunami is the transfer of water bodies caused by changes in sea surface vertically with a sudden. Changes in sea level occurs due to the Earthquake centered under the sea, underwater volcanic eruptions, underwater landslides, or hit by a meteor in the sea.
Remarkably, the tsunami waves can propagate in all directions. Wave power is still on the function of altitude and speed. 90% of the tsunami due to the earthquake that occurred beneath the sea. Historical examples, a number of Tsunamis occur due to volcano eruption, for example when the eruption of Mount Krakatau in Sunda Strait.
The negative impact caused by the Tsunami is destroying everything in its path. Buildings, plants, and resulted in human casualties and causing inundation, saltwater contamination of agricultural land, soil, and tidy water. The speed of tsunami waves depends on the depth of the sea where the waves occurs, its speed can reach hundreds of kilometers per hour. On reaching the shore, its speed will be around 50 km/h and its energy is very damaging coastal areas in its path.
In the midst of the sea looks small tsunami waves of only a few centimeters to several meters, but when it reaches shore wave height can reach tens of meters due to a buildup of the water. When the tsunami reaches the coast in to mainland will creep away from the shoreline with a range of several hundred meters may even be a few kilometers.
The shake that caused Tsunami.
1. An earthquake centered in the midst of the sea and shallow (0 - 30 km).
2. An earthquake with a strength of at least 6.5 magnitude (Richter Scale).
3. An earthquake with a pattern of reverse fault or fault down.
Tsunami track record have occurred since the year 6.000 BC, actual events occurred around Friday afternoon March 11, 2011 earlier. An earthquake measuring 8.8 Richter Scale that rocked Japan, causing tsunami waves. Water as high as 4 feet hit the Japanese east coast overlooking the Pacific Ocean.
Here's a list of all-powerful tsunami that ever happened on earth, as recorded by the scientific media sites Livescience.com.
1. Sicily - 6.000 BC
Sizable cluster in Sicily snow avalanches and falls in to the sea. Landslide that occurred at 8.000 years ago triggered the tsunami disaster spread across the Mediterranean Sea. There is no historical record of this disaster, only geological scientists predict tsunamis with speed 320 km/h it reached a height of the ten floors building.
2. Europe - November 1, 1755
Most of the European region was rocked by an earthquake that occurred and destroyed Lisbon, Portugal. Lots of individuals who take refuge in the boat, but the tsunami actually happened, can't be avoided this disaster killed over 60.000 people.
3. Mount Krakatau - August 27, 1883
The eruption of Mount Krakatau in Sunda Strait, triggering a tsunami that drowned coast of Sumatra, northern Java, and the Thousand Islands. Wave strength can drag a rock weighing 600 tons to the beach. 36.000 lives have been lost in vain.
4. Japan - June 15, 1896
The tsunami waves as high as 30 meters appeared soon after the earthquake. The whole east coast of Japan swept away by the tsunami, when it was 27.000 people died.
5. Hawaii - April 1, 1946
Sizable earthquake in Alaska cause sizable waves in Hawaii. This disaster killed 159 people, until recently known as the mystery of "April Fools Tsunami".
6. Alaska - July 9, 1958
This is the largest tsunami that occurred nowadays, strength of 8.3 Richter scale earthquake in Alaska was caused by the tsunami waves as high as 576 meters in Lituya Bay, Alaska. Tsunami are sizable although only killed 2 people shipwrecked fishermen hit by the waves. The tsunami occurred in isolated places, so it doesn't cause lots of casualties.
7. Chile - May 22, 1960
Which ranges from 8.6 shake on the Richter scale, making a 25-meter-high tsunami that struck Chile Beaches within 15 minutes. The tsunami killed 1.500 people in Chile and Hawaii.
8. Alaska - March 27, 1964
Alaska earthquake "Good Friday" is a magnitude 8.4 on the Richter scale, caused a wave of 67 meters at Valdez Inlet region, Alaska. Waves with speed 640 km/h, killing around 120 people, 10 of them from Crescent City, New York that get sent waves as high as 6.3 meters.
9. Philippines - August 23, 1976
Earthquakes and sizable waves that occur around the coast in the southwestern Philippines, killing 8.000 people more.
10. Papua New Guinea - July 17, 1988
7.1 earthquake of the magnitude make sizable tsunami waves that quickly kill 2.200 people.
11. Aceh - Desember 26, 2004
All-powerful earthquake with a strength of 9.3 Richter scale shook the Indian Ocean, off the west coast of Aceh. Largest earthquake along the last 40 years has led to high waves in North Sumatra, West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia, Thailand, The East Coast of India, Sri Lanka, even to the East Coast of Africa. It is the largest in the history of death, causing 320.000 people from 8 countries lost their lives.
12. Nias - March 28, 2005
Earthquake in Nias off Sumatra Coast measuring 8.7 Richter scale triggered a sizable tsunami that killed 1.300 people on Nias Island, West Sumatra.
13. Mentawai - October 25, 2010
An earthquake measuring 7.2 Richter scale that shook the Mentawai Islands, West Sumatra has led to deadly tsunami wave assault. All the settlements can be found on the West Coast Islands were hit by waves up to killing hundreds of people.
14. Japan - March 11, 2011
An earthquake measuring 8.8 on the Richter scale occurred Friday afternoon this past March 11, 2011. Cause a tsunami as high as 4 meters, which hit the East Coast of Japan. Causing victims tens of thousands of people died, and the severity of the earthquake and tsunami that caused destroy to several Nuclear Reactors indicated that the disaster will cause a brand new, more powerful.
write by : Reinhard Nalekoro
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